2007년 6월 8일 연중 제9주간 금요일
제1독서: 토빗기 11,5-17
그 무렵 5 안나는 자리를 잡고서 자기 아들이 돌아올 길을 살펴보고 있었다. 6 그러다가 토비야가 오는 것을 알아보고 토비야의 아버지에게, “봐요. 당신 아들이 와요. 함께 갔던 사람도 오네요.” 하고 말하였다.
7 토비야가 아버지에게 가까이 이르기 전에 라파엘이 그에게 말하였다. “나는 잘 알고 있소. 저분은 꼭 눈을 뜨실 것이오. 8 물고기 쓸개를 저분 눈에 발라 드리시오. 그 약은 눈의 하얀 막이 오그라들다가 벗겨지게 할 것이오. 그러면 그대의 아버지께서 시력을 되찾아 빛을 보게 될 것이오.”
9 안나는 달려가서 아들의 목을 껴안고, “얘야, 내가 너를 다시 보게 되다니! 이제는 죽어도 괜찮다.” 하면서 울었다.
10 토빗도 일어서서 다리를 비틀거리며 마당 문을 나섰다. 토비야가 그에게 마주 갔다.
11 물고기 쓸개를 손에 든 토비야는 아버지를 붙들고 그 눈에 입김을 불고 나서, “아버지, 용기를 내십시오.” 하고 말하였다. 이어서 그 약을 아버지에게 바르고서는 잠시 그대로 두었다. 12·13 이윽고 토비야는 양손으로 아버지의 눈가에서부터 하얀 막을 벗겨 내었다. 그러자 토빗이 아들의 목을 껴안고 14 울면서 “얘야, 네가 보이는구나, 내 눈에 빛인 네가!” 하였다.
그리고 이렇게 말하였다. “하느님께서는 찬미받으소서. 그분의 위대한 이름은 찬미받으소서. 그분의 거룩한 천사들 모두 찬미받으소서. 그분의 위대한 이름 언제나 우리 위에 머무르소서. 그분의 천사들 모두 영원히 찬미받으소서. 15 그분께서 나에게 벌을 내리셨지만, 내가 이제는 내 아들 토비야를 볼 수 있게 되었다.”
기쁨에 넘친 토비야는 소리 높여 하느님을 찬미하면서 집으로 들어갔다. 그리고 아버지에게, 여행을 잘 마치고 돈을 가져온 것과 라구엘의 딸 사라를 어떻게 아내로 맞아들이게 되었는지를 이야기하고, 또 그 사라도 오고 있는데 니네베 성문 가까이 왔을 것이라고 말하였다.
16 기쁨에 넘친 토빗은 하느님을 찬미하며 며느리를 맞으러 니네베 성문으로 갔다. 니네베 사람들은 토빗이 오는데 손을 붙잡고 인도해 주는 사람 없이 힘차게 걸어오는 것을 보고 깜짝 놀랐다.
17 그때에 토빗은 하느님께서 자기에게 자비를 베푸시어 눈을 뜨게 해 주셨다는 사실을 그들 앞에서 밝혔다. 이어서 자기 아들 토비야의 아내인 사라에게 다가가 그를 축복하며 말하였다.
“얘야, 잘 왔다. 얘야, 너를 우리에게 인도하여 주신 너의 하느님께서 찬미받으시기를 빈다. 너의 아버지께서 복을 받으시고 내 아들 토비야도 복을 받고, 그리고 얘야, 너도 복을 받기를 빈다. 축복 속에 기뻐하며 네 집으로 어서 들어가거라. 얘야, 들어가거라.”
그날 니네베에 사는 유다인들도 모두 기뻐하였다.
복음: 마르코 12,35-37
그때에 35 예수님께서는 성전에서 가르치시며 말씀하셨다. “어찌하여 율법 학자들은 메시아가 다윗의 자손이라고 말하느냐?
36 다윗 자신이 성령의 도움으로 말하였다. ‘주님께서 내 주님께 말씀하셨다. ′내 오른쪽에 앉아라, 내가 너의 원수들을 네 발아래 잡아 놓을 때까지.′’
37 이렇듯 다윗 스스로 메시아를 주님이라고 말하는데, 어떻게 메시아가 다윗의 자손이 되느냐?” 많은 군중이 예수님의 말씀을 기쁘게 들었다.
June 8, 2007
Friday of the Ninth Week in Ordinary Time
Reading 1
Tb 11:5-17
Anna sat watching the road by which her son was to come.
When she saw him coming, she exclaimed to his father,
“Tobit, your son is coming, and the man who traveled with him!”
Raphael said to Tobiah before he reached his father:
“I am certain that his eyes will be opened.
Smear the fish gall on them.
This medicine will make the cataracts shrink and peel off from his eyes;
then your father will again be able to see the light of day.”
Then Anna ran up to her son, threw her arms around him,
and said to him,
“Now that I have seen you again, son, I am ready to die!”
And she sobbed aloud.
Tobit got up and stumbled out through the courtyard gate.
Tobiah went up to him with the fish gall in his hand,
and holding him firmly, blew into his eyes.
“Courage, father,” he said.
Next he smeared the medicine on his eyes, and it made them smart.
Then, beginning at the corners of Tobit’s eyes,
Tobiah used both hands to peel off the cataracts.
When Tobit saw his son, he threw his arms around him and wept.
He exclaimed, “I can see you, son, the light of my eyes!”
Then he said:
“Blessed be God,
and praised be his great name,
and blessed be all his holy angels.
May his holy name be praised
throughout all the ages,
Because it was he who scourged me,
and it is he who has had mercy on me.
Behold, I now see my son Tobiah!”
Then Tobit went back in, rejoicing and praising God with full voice
for everything that had happened.
Tobiah told his father that
the Lord God had granted him a successful journey;
that he had brought back the money;
and that he had married Raguel’s daughter Sarah,
who would arrive shortly,
for she was approaching the gate of Nineveh.
Tobit and Anna rejoiced
and went out to the gate of Nineveh
to meet their daughter-in-law.
When the people of Nineveh saw Tobit walking along briskly,
with no one leading him by the hand, they were amazed.
Before them all Tobit proclaimed
how God had mercifully restored sight to his eyes.
When Tobit reached Sarah, the wife of his son Tobiah,
he greeted her: “Welcome, my daughter!
Blessed be your God for bringing you to us, daughter!
Blessed is your father, and blessed is my son Tobiah,
and blessed are you, daughter!
Welcome to your home with blessing and joy.
Come in, daughter!”
That day there was joy for all the Jews who lived in Nineveh.
Responsorial Psalm
Ps 146:1b-2, 6c-7, 8-9a, 9bc-10
R. (1b) Praise the Lord, my soul!
or:
R. Alleluia.
Praise the LORD, O my soul;
I will praise the LORD all my life;
I will sing praise to my God while I live.
R. Praise the Lord, my soul!
or:
R. Alleluia.
The LORD keeps faith forever,
secures justice for the oppressed,
gives food to the hungry.
The LORD sets captives free.
R. Praise the Lord, my soul!
or:
R. Alleluia.
The LORD gives sight to the blind.
The LORD raises up those who are bowed down;
the LORD loves the just.
The LORD protects strangers.
R. Praise the Lord, my soul!
or:
R. Alleluia.
The fatherless and the widow he sustains,
but the way of the wicked he thwarts
The LORD shall reign forever,
your God, O Zion, through all generations! Alleluia.
R. Praise the Lord, my soul!
or:
R. Alleluia.
Gospel
Mk 12:35-37
As Jesus was teaching in the temple area he said,
“How do the scribes claim that the Christ is the son of David?
David himself, inspired by the Holy Spirit, said:
The Lord said to my lord,
‘Sit at my right hand
until I place your enemies under your feet.’
David himself calls him ‘lord’;
so how is he his son?”
The great crowd heard this with delight.
Commentary
Raphael, the healing angel, teaches Tobias how to heal his old father's eyes with the fish that they caught as they began their journey, so that he might see again. Tobit sees again and the family rejoices, blessing and praising God for his mercy. Do we bless God for being able to see, for having medicine and health care, for being able to alleviate others' pain? And do we make sure that everybody has what he or she needs when they are ill?
Jesus is questioned maliciously by everyone who comes. Now he asks a question using the scriptures, the Word of God, to illustrate what he is saying-about himself, David and the messiah. How can the messiah be both David's son and Lord? The crowd listens with delight as Jesus trumps the teachers/lawyers and scribes who have been harassing him with the intent of tripping him down. Do we read the scriptures in such a way that the Word calls us to repentance and deeper insight or do we use the Word against others?
Tobit is an unusual book, not widely read. It is also one of the so-called apocryphal books that are not universally recognized by all Christians. The book is perhaps best known for the hymn of praise that Tobit sings in chapter 13, but our reading is from chapter 11, which chronicles the restoration of Tobit’s eyesight from the damage caused by cataracts.
This little story gives voice to the dramatic possibilities for healing that the Jesus offers. Early in the story of Tobit, we learn of significant despair—Tobit himself feels crushed by the misfortune that he must endure. In chapter 3, he actually prays for death. People who have faced great suffering understand what it means to hope for death. At times the very thought of continued living in the face of a future full of suffering can be too much to bear. Tobit’s reversal of fortune and his healing reminds us to have confidence in God’s providential care; in the end, God will not abandon us to unendurable suffering. We are, I think, much like Tobit, and we need the encouragement that such a story offers.
Clearly today’s selection of Psalm 146 underscores the centrality of this healing theme. “The LORD gives sight to the blind…The LORD raises up those who are bowed down.” The selection also encourages us to remember Tobit’s reversal and to offer appropriate praise to the God who cares for us and loves us in the same way.
At first glance, the reading from Mark seems to have little in common with the text from Tobit and the reinforcing Psalm, but there is a link. David is here quoting Psalm 110, which, in ancient Christian tradition was understood to be a reference to the divine nature of the Jesus. Jesus, as Son of God is LORD and seated at the right hand of the Father. Jesus who is LORD and God among us is the very same one who provided for Tobit in his need and who the Psalmist would have us praise in our own.
by
John O'Keefe
Theology Department
This kind of rabbinical disputation may seem very strange - just quibbling about words. But the words were Scripture, which was believed to contain all truth. Jesus seems to have little use for this kind of argumentation, but in today’s reading he takes it head-on.
He quoted Psalm 109: “The Lord said to my Lord, ‘Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool.” The first “Lord” was God, the second was the promised Messiah, and the person writing was believed to be King David, who lived about 1,000 BC. Jesus’ argument was: How could the Messiah be called “Son of David” if David himself referred to him as his “Lord”? The accepted understanding was that the Messiah would be of David’s line, “Son of David”. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezechiel, the Psalms - all asserted this. Now, Jesus himself was often addressed as “Son of David,” especially by the crowds (Mk 10:47, Mt 9:27, 12:23, 20:30, 21:9, 15). He was born of the tribe of David. So what is Jesus saying? He is not simply denying that the Messiah is the Son of David, nor that he himself was of the line of David. He is saying that in addition to being descended from David, the Messiah must be much more than a Son of David. For him, that was not an adequate description of the Messiah.
Why did Jesus want to put light between ‘Messiah’ and ‘Son of David’? Because the title ‘Son of David’ was so tightly linked in people’s minds with nationalistic dreams of a conquering hero who would set up an earthly kingdom to satisfy their ambition for power and dominance. He wanted to say: This is not the kind of Messiah you should be looking for.
The dream of power is not one that fades easily. Scriptural arguments don’t dispose of it, not even the Scriptural arguments of Jesus. His supreme argument against it was his death on the cross.
"The Christ is the Son of David"
It is the work of the Holy Spirit to make Christ known to us. That is why Jesus stated that King David could proclaim that his future heir would be both Messiah (the Hebrew word for Christ or the Anointed one) and his Lord. Among the Jews the most common title for the Messiah was the Son of David. The Jews looked forward to the long-expected Savior who would come from the line of David. Jesus was often addressed with that title, especially by the crowds (Mark 10:47ff, Matthew 9:27; 12:23). Jesus not only asserts that the Messiah is David's son, and that he is, indeed, David's son, but, that he is not only David's son, but also his Lord. Paul the Apostle states that no one can say ‘Jesus is Lord' except by the Holy Spirit (1 Cor. 12:3).
What does it mean to acknowledge that Jesus is Lord? The word Lord means "ruler" or "king" -- the one who is owed "fealty" and "submission". The Lord or Master of our lives is the person or thing we give our lives over to or submit to in a full way. We can be ruled by many things -- our unruly passions, the love of money, alcohol, drugs, etc. only one Lord can truly set us free to love and to be loved as God intended from the beginning. When we acknowledge that Jesus is Lord we invite him to be the King of our heart and the ruler of our thoughts, relationships, and all that we do. Is the Lord Jesus the true King of your heart and do you give him free reign in every area of your life?
"Lord Jesus, I believe that you are the Messiah, the Son of David and the Son of God. You are my Lord and I willingly submit myself to your rule in my life. Be Lord and King of my life, my thoughts, heart, home, relationships, work and all that I do."
Psalm 119:157,160-161,165-166,168
157 Many are my persecutors and my adversaries, but I do not swerve from thy testimonies.
160 The sum of thy word is truth; and every one of thy righteous ordinances endures for ever.
161 Princes persecute me without cause, but my heart stands in awe of thy words.
165 Great peace have those who love thy law; nothing can make them stumble.
166 I hope for thy salvation, O LORD, and I do thy commandments.
168 I keep thy precepts and testimonies, for all my ways are before thee.
DOCTOR'S ORDERS
'I am certain that his eyes will be opened. Smear the fish gall on them. This medicine will make the cataracts shrink and peel off from his eyes.' Tobit 11:7-8
Tobiah healed his father of blindness by applying fish gall to his eyes and peeling the cataracts off (Tb 11:12-13). Hezekiah was healed of a terminal illness when Isaiah applied a poultice of figs (Is 38:21). Paul gave Timothy medical advice to take some wine for a stomach ailment (1 Tm 5:23). The Bible approves of medicine (Wis 1:14) and commands us to hold the physician in honor (Sir 38:1).
At the same time, the Bible disapproves of putting doctors and medicine ahead of God. King Asa was condemned in Scripture for seeking physicians rather than the Lord to treat his diseased feet (2 Chr 16:12). Mark points out: 'There was a woman in the area who had been afflicted with a hemorrhage for a dozen years. She had received treatment at the hands of doctors of every sort and exhausted her savings in the process, yet she got no relief; on the contrary, she only grew worse' (Mk 5:25-26).
Doctors have their place, but it is fourth place, after we have first prayed, repented, and worshipped (Sir 38:9-12). Medical treatment should be our last resort, not our first resort. Long-term doctor's care, hospitalization, or medication may be depending too much on things meant to be only temporary means of God's healing and not major parts of our lives.
Praise: Dr. Timothy prays with his patients and blesses them with holy water during office visits.
Prayer: Father, may I not be brainwashed by society but value medical technology according to Your will.
Promise: 'The majority of the crowd heard this with delight.' Mk 12:37
«David himself calls him [the Messiah] Lord»
Today, Judaism still claims the Messiah has to be the “son of David” that must inaugurate a new age of the kingdom of God. We Christians do “know” the Messiah, Son of David, is Jesus Christ and that His kingdom has already started —as a seed that germinates, grows up and bears fruit— and will become a visible and magnificent reality when Jesus comes back at the end of time. But already now Jesus is the Son of David and allows us to live “in hope” by enjoying the benefits of the Messianic Kingdom.
The title of “Son of David” applied to Jesus Christ makes part of the “medulla” of the Gospel. In the Annunciation, the Virgin received this message: «And the Lord God will give him the throne of David his father, and He will rule over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end» (Lk 1:32-33). The destitute that begged Jesus to cure them, were saying: «You son of David, have mercy on me!» (Mk 10:48). When Jesus solemnly entered in Jerusalem He was acclaimed: «Blessed is the kingdom of our father David that is to come! Hosanna in the highest » (Mk 11:10). The very old book Didache thanks God «for the saint vineyard of David, your servant, that we have come to know through Jesus, your servant».
But Jesus is not only the son of David, but also the Lord. Jesus confirms it solemnly by quoting the Davidic Psalm 110. The Jews cannot understand it: it is impossible that the son of David can also be the “Lord” of his father. St. Peter, witness of Jesus resurrection, clearly saw that Jesus had been constituted “Lord of David”, because «Brothers, I can tell you confidently that the patriarch David died and was buried, and his tomb is here to this day.(...), this Jesus God raised up, whereof we all are witnesses» (Acts 2:29-32).
«His Son, descended from David according to the flesh, but established as Son of God in power», as St. Paul names him (cf. Rm 1:3-4), has become the attraction focus of all men's hearts, and thus, softly attracting us towards him, He already exerts now his lordship over all men that address him with Love and in Trust.
Sometimes we must swallow hard at the simplistic “science” of parts of the Bible. We also need to remember that God can inspire fiction and fantasy as well had factual material. Today’s first reading has the archangel Raphael telling Tobias to smear his father’s blind eyes with fish gall, and he will see. Today’s first reading is also the beginning of the “happily ever after” of the book. Somehow, God will bring all things out all right. Even when they seem hopeless to us, in God’s providence all will work for the good of those who love the Lord.
The short gospel is a matching of wits between Jesus and the leaders (presumably Pharisees.) A son is not greater than his father. The Messiah is called the son of David. Yet the psalm says thtat the Lord said to my lord.... Thus the Messiah, son of David, is greater than David. The people delighted in this. The Pharisees were obviously miffed at being caught in their own rabbinical reasoning.
When someone called Jesus, “Son of David,” in one of the Gospel accounts, that Biblical title reflects that person's faith in Jesus as Messiah. The Messiah was promised as one who would come from the ancestral line of David. The Messiah would be a great king in the model of David. Our prayer is based on our faith in Jesus as one much more than a descendent of David; infinitely more than the fulfillment of
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